Thixotropic Properties of Hydraulic Fill Soils in Tailings Dams – Geophysical Criteria for Prediction
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Abstract
Tailings facilities of large mining and processing plants are particularly responsible structures the destruction of which can cause serious environmental and socio-economic consequences. One of the factors affecting the safety of the operation of such facilities is strong seismic effects caused by earthquakes of tectonic and technogenically induced nature. Tailings facilities are technogenic facilities that significantly change the engineering, geological and landscape situation of territories. Anthropogenic changes in the geological environment associated with the construction and operation of tailings facilities also significantly affect local changes in seismicity.
When increasing the volume of tailings facilities, low-velocity, waterlogged technogenic soils are located at the base of the enclosing dams of subsequent tiers. When designing these structures, it is necessary to consider the possibility of soil liquefaction at their base.
The paper discusses the results of testing approaches to assessing seismic liquefaction of technogenic soils using geophysical data in the conditions of tailings dumps of mining and processing plants of the Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin.
It is shown that the main geophysical factors that determine the possibility of liquefaction are the values of predicted peak horizontal accelerations of the soil surface and the law of change shear waves velocity with depth. The depth of the studied point in the section also makes a significant contribution. For points located below the groundwater level (GWL), variations in the position of the GWL and soil density above and below the GWL (for physically real situations) affect the liquefaction potential significantly less than the factors listed above.
The prospects for geophysical assessment of the dynamic stability of soils of technogenic objects are substantiated. This approach was first tested on the territory of tailings dumps of mining and processing plants in Ukraine. We will consider the results obtained by the authors of the assessment of the possibility of seismic liquefaction of low-velocity technogenic soils based on borehole and field seismic surveys at one of the tailings dumps in Kryvyi Rih. The approach used is a promising alternative or addition to approaches based on penetration properties and will significantly increase the reliability of the forecast of the possibility of liquefaction of technogenic soils in the event of dynamic impacts of various nature.
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